Happy #morphememonday everyone!
I hope everyone is staying well and keeping safe.
This week we are going to focus on some of the more common Latin morphemes in the English language. These are all ones that students should be taught because of how frequently they appear in the English language. Knowing these morphemes will help children with decoding, spelling, and understanding the meaning of words they come across for them in texts and conversations.
Origin: Latin
Definition: do the opposite of, down, away
Examples: denominator, demonstrate, delicious, decrease, delivers
<de> + <script> + <ion> -> description
<de> + <vote> + <ion> -> devotion
<de> + <light> -> delight
<de> + <fraud> ->defraud
<de> + <act> + <ive> + <ate> -> deactivate
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This is a common prefix that students should be taught to students when they are first learning about morphemes.
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It can be revisited when the students are learning about fractions as a way to remember the term denominator. You can remind them the prefix <de> means down for denominator so denominator means the number on the bottom of a fraction.
Origin: Latin
Definition: hold
Examples: container, entertain, maintain, abstainer, sustainer
<con> + <tain> + <ment> -> containment
<ob> + <tain> + <able> -> obtainable
<re> + <tain> + <er> -> retainer
<per> + <tain> + <ing> -> pertaining
<dis> + <tain> + <ed> -> distained
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The morpheme <tain> has a few alternative forms that are also common in the English language. They are <ten>, <tin>, and <tinu>. In most cases, I think it is best to teach morphemes one at a time, especially with younger students. However, as students get older, learning more than one morpheme with the same meaning is achievable.
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This is a morpheme I would consider teaching together because, depending on the other morphemes affixed to it, it will change spellings within the same word family. Think of the words sustain and sustenance. The suffix <ance> has changed the form of the root.
Origin: Latin
Definition: able to
Examples: sensible, incredible, eligible, permissible, accessible
<ex> + <press> + <ible> -> expressible
<force> + <ible> -> forcible
<re> + <verse> + <ible> -> reversible
<il> + <leg> + <ible> -> illegible
<flex> + <ible> -> flexible
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The suffix <ible> is a variant of the suffix <able>. This suffix should be taught after <able> but within a close proximity of it.
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When this suffix is added to a base element, it becomes an adjective.
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Its related suffix <ibility> can be added to several of the same base elements to form nouns (ex: response, responsible, responsibility).